St. Francis of Assisi (Credit : Philip Fruytiers, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)
The Catholic Church celebrates the feast of St. Francis of Assisi every year on Oct. 4. Known as the patron saint of animals and ecology, the 13th-century Italian friar is often remembered for his deep humility, his life of prayer, and for founding the Franciscan order.
Birth and early life :
Francis was born in 1182 the son of a rich fabric merchant, Pietro di Bernardone, and a noblewoman from Provence, Pica. His father, Pietro di Bernardone, was a wealthy silk merchant in Assisi, and Francis lived a carefree, pleasure-seeking life in his youth. He was known for partying, fine clothes, and his dreams of glory on the battlefield. It wasn’t until he was captured during a war between Assisi and Perugia — and spending nearly a year in prison — that he began to reflect on a different path.
Conversion :
After hearing God’s call to “rebuild my church,” Francis renounced his family’s wealth in a dramatic and public fashion. In front of the bishop and townspeople, he stripped off all his clothes — literally — and gave everything back to his father. He declared that from that point on, he would have no father but “Our Father who art in heaven.” It was at this moment that he completely rejected worldly goods and embraced a life of poverty.
Due to his great reverence for the Eucharist, he felt unworthy to become a priest. Therefore, he remained a friar and lived a life of poverty, charity, and devotion to God.
First living Nativity scene
In 1223, Francis staged the first-ever live Nativity scene in Greccio, Italy. He used real people and animals with the hope of helping people connect more with the birth of Christ. To this day, the people of Greccio stage a live, historical reenactment of St. Francis and the first Nativity scene every year at Christmas.
First recorded person to receive the stigmata
In 1224, while on retreat at Mount La Verna, Francis experienced a vision of a seraph bearing the image of Christ crucified. When the image ended, the wounds of Christ appeared on his body — piercings in his hands, feet, and side.
First known works of Italian literature
Francis’ “Canticle of the Sun,” written around 1225, is considered one of the earliest works in the Italian language. At the time, most literary pieces were written in Latin. However, Francis chose to write it in his native language so more people could understand it. “Canticle of the Sun” is a poem in which Francis encourages all of creation to praise the Creator and consists of 23 verses dedicated to different aspects of creation.
Franciscan orders :
Francis gathered with his numerous companions, who shared his desire to live the Gospel to the letter in poverty, chastity and obedience. In 1209 the first group of brothers gathered in Rome to meet Pope Innocent III who, struck by “that short and thin young man with burning eyes”, approved the Rule, later confirmed definitely in 1223 by Honorius III.
The charism of Francis also attracted Clare, a noblewoman from Assisi. Francis welcomed her and gave origin to the second Franciscan order, “The Poor Clares”. Later he founded the Third Order for lay people.
Death and Legacy :
Francis died on 3 October 1226 at the age of 44 at the Porziuncola, the chapel where he received the gift of the indulgence of the “Forgiveness of Assisi”. He was canonized a saint two years later. The spirit of Francis continues to inspire so many in following Christ, in building dialogue among all in truth and charity, and in safeguarding creation.
Article by Catholic Time Staff
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